TEST YOUR
KNOWLEDGE WITH
OUR AUTOTRIVIA QUIZ
EARLY DAYS
The birth of the motor car can be traced back as far as 1769 when Nicholas Joseph Cugnot built a three wheeled steam powered vehicle which had a top speed of about 6 mph. Over the next 100 years or so various other manufacturers also produced steam vehicles but, in 1885, Karl Benz built the first `car` powered by an internal combustion engine and changed the course of motoring history. Steam still had a part to play right up to the 1930s, especially in the field of commercial vehicles, but it was the advent of the internal combustion engine that encouraged the likes of Jean-Pierre Peugeot, Louis Renault, Gottlieb Daimler, Dr Frederick W. Lanchester and Alexandre Darracq to form the foundations of the motor industry.
AUTOQUESTIONS
1. When did Henry Ford build his first car?
2. When did Henry Ford build his first Model T?
3. How many Model T Fords were sold?
4. For which company did Herbert Austin (later Lord Austin) work before forming his own company?
5. By which name is the Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino, founded in 1899, better known?
6. The first Morris car was called the Oxford. When was it built?
7. Which company, in 1915, built the first V8 engine?
8. In 1920 the STD Group was formed. Can you name the 3 companies that gave the group its title?
AUTOFACTS
Electricity is often cited as an alternative form of power for the motor car but the idea is not new. The first practical electrically powered four wheeled vehicle was built in 1881 by a Frenchman called Raffard. The diesel engine was invented by Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel. His first engine however, completed in 1892, ran on coal dust! Driving Licences were first issued following the introduction of the Motor Car Act in 1903. By early 1904 approximately 18,000 licences had been issued. The first registration number, A1, was issued in 1904 to Earl Russell for use on his 12 hp Panhard.
WHO AM I?
9. I joined forces with my partner in 1906 to form the company that still carries our names today. I was the engineering brain of the partnership. In 1931 we took over another British car maker famous for success in the Le Mans 24 Hour races. Our cars are considered by many to be the best in the world.
AUTOFACTS
Opened in 1907, Brooklands was the first ever purpose built motor racing circuit.
The first vehicle produced by the AC company was a three wheeled commercial called the Auto Carrier.
In 1915 Nicolo Romeo took over the Alfa company to form Alfa Romeo.
The famous Indianapolis 500 was first held in 1911. The race was won by Ray Harroun driving a 6 cylinder Marmon Wasp.
It is estimated that by 1920 approximately 50% of the 8 million or so cars on the roads of America were Model T Fords.
In 1922 the Austin Seven went on sale at £225 although the price was later to be as low as £165.
AUTOQUESTIONS
10. In 1927 a special aluminium bodied version of the Austin Seven produced by the Swallow Sidecar and Coachbuilding Company went on sale. By what name is this company known today?
11. Can you name the two founders of the Swallow Sidecar & Coachbuilding Company?
AUTOFACTS
By 1936 the prospective car buyer had no less than 45 different makes of British car to choose from.
In addition, there were a further 47 foreign makes available on the British market. However, it was the American market that saw the most prolific growth in car sales. Henry Ford had approximately 3500 authorised dealers throughout the United States as early as 1913. This number was to increase five fold by 1945.
The first Le Mans 24 Hour race was held in 1923. The average speed of the winning car was 57.2 mph.
Trojan claimed that their cars were so cheap to buy and run that their advertisements asked, `Can you afford to walk?`
THE MILLE MIGLIA
The famous Mille Miglia, or `Thousand Miles`, races were Italy`s answer to Le Mans.
AUTOQUESTIONS
12. In which year was the first Mille Miglia held?
13. In which Italian city did the races start and finish?
AUTOFACTS
The Cadillac 452 of 1930 was the world`s first production car to be powered by a V16 engine. The unit was of 7.4 litres and produced 165 bhp at 3400 rpm.
In 1934 gangster Clyde Barrow, of Bonnie and Clyde fame, wrote to the Ford Motor Company to tell them what an excellent getaway car their V8 model made !
The Road Traffic Act came into effect on 18th March, 1935. Included in the act were 30 mph speed limits in built-up areas and the introduction of driving tests.
The Ford Y Type of 1935 was Britains first £100 car.
AUTOQUESTIONS
14. In which year did the first four wheeled Morgan appear?
15. What was this four wheeler called?
THE POST WAR YEARS
When war broke out in 1939 the motor industry suffered badly. Car manufacturers turned their attentions to producing war vehicles and armaments at the expense of developing the motor car. By the time hostilities ceased in 1945 the public were car hungry and therefore the manufacturers were simply able to put their pre-war designs back into production. However, it was not long before new designs started to appear, although the bulk of production was, by government directive, aimed at the overseas markets in order to help rebuild the war torn British economy. By the 1950s great advances had been made in design, performance, ride quality and passenger comfort. The motor car had entered a new era of growth and acceptance that could never have been foreseen by the industry`s pioneers at the turn of the century.
AUTOQUESTIONS
16. Can you name the all new range of Ford models introduced in 1950?
17. What were the two main features of these new cars never previously seen on a British Ford?
18. In October 1953 a further model was added to this range featuring such extras as two tone paintwork and whitewall tyres. What was it called?
19. In 1954 Ford also introduced a range of smaller cars to provide cheap family motoring. Can you name them?
20. Which one of the two new features referred to in question 17 was not a feature of these smaller cars?
AUTOFACT
In 1958 annual car production in Britain exceeded 1,000,000 for the first time.
THE MORRIS MINOR
Designed by Alec Issigonis and introduced at the Earls Court Motor show in 1948, the Morris Minor soon became a best seller. Initially the Minor was fitted with a 918 cc sidevalve engine and although this only provided the small car with very staid performance it was another five years or so before this unit was replaced with a more powerful, but smaller, overhead valve engine of just 803 cc. In 1953 the Minor Traveller was added to the range. 1956 saw the introduction of a 948 cc engine throughout the range and the car became known as the Minor 1000. The 948 cc engine produced 37 bhp and gave the Minor a top speed of around 73 mph. In 1962 the engine size was increased again, this time to 1098 cc. Producing 48 bhp, this larger engine improved the Minor`s top speed and provided better acceleration. The Morris Minor continued in production until 1971 when it was replaced by the Marina.
AUTOQUESTIONS
21. As well as the saloon and the Traveller, what other versions of the Minor were available?
22. To celebrate the completion of a million Morris Minors (December 1960), 349 cars were finished as special editions. What were these called?
23. How did these special editions differ from the standard car?
24. How many Morris Minors (of all types) were sold during the model`s 23 year production life?
AUTOFACT
The wooden framework of the Morris Minor Traveller was not just for decoration but actually formed an important part of the car`s structure.
THE VOLKSWAGEN BEETLE
The Volkswagen Beetle first went into full prodution in 1945 although the design had been seen as early as 1932. All Beetles are powered by an air cooled flat 4 engine. The word Volkswagen means `Peoples Car` and the project was originally instigated by Adolf Hitler who wanted Germany to produce a car cheap enough and small enough for the ordinary man.
AUTOQUESTIONS
25. Can you name the firm of coachbuilders responsible for producing the Beetle Cabriolet?
26. In which year did Beetle production cease in germany?
27. In 1966 a major improvement was made to the Beetle`s electrical system. What was it?
28. Who designed the Beetle?
AUTOFACTS
Volkswagen did not produce their first water cooled car until 1970. This model was known as the K70 and was produced as a result of Volkswagen purchasing a large stake of the German NSU company.
Over the years the Volkswagen Beetle has formed the basis of many specials and kit cars. The Beetle has a seperate floorpan to which all the running gear is attached. It is therefore a relatively simple task to remove the body and replace it with something a little more individual, usually moulded in glass fibre.
The Volkswagen Beetle was not officially imported into Britain until 1953.
DONALD HEALEY
Donald Healey is best known for his Austin Healey sports cars but his first involvement in the motor industry was in the 1920s when he opened his own garage. In 1930 he joined the Invicta company as a designer and then, in 1934, he moved to Triumph, eventually to become their chief designer. Shortly after World War II, Triumph were taken over by the Standard Motor Company and Healey left to set up his own company. The first Healey car appeared in 1946.
AUTOQUESTIONS
29. What type of engine did these first Healeys use?
30. What name was given to the four seater drophead coupe` model introduced in 1949 of which only 23 were made?
31. The first car to carry the Austin Healey name appeared in 1953. Can you name it?
32. In 1959 the Austin Healey Sprite was launched. By what name was it affectionately known?
AUTOFACTS
The 1951 Healey 2.4 litre Sports Saloon had a top speed of 105 mph, making it the fastest closed top production car of it`s day.
Healey was also an accomplished racing driver and during his time with Invicta he drove for the work`s team. In 1931 he won the Monte Carlo Rally.
The Jensen Healey of the 1970s featured a Lotus engine and Vauxhall running gear. The car was available as a convertible (with optional hardtop) or as a GT (closed tourer).
THE LEGENDARY JAGUAR XK
The Jaguar XK120 was the undisputed star of the 1948 Motor Show and, at that time, the fastest production car in the world. Powered by an all new twin overhead camshaft engine of 3442 cc, the XK 120 was initially only available as an open top `Roadster`, but in 1951 the Fixed Head Coupe` was introduced, followed by the Drophead Coupe` in 1953. The range was updated with the introduction of the XK140 in 1955, and then the XK150 in 1957. For the XK150 a larger 3781 cc engine was available. The XK remained in production until 1961.
AUTOFACTS
The XK type engine, specially designed for the 120, was, in various guises, to power Jaguars into the 1980s before eventually being replaced by the new, lighter AJ6 type engine as used in the XJ40 models.
In 1950 Rover experimented with the world`s first car to be powered by a gas-turbine engine.
In 1950 Her Royal Highness the Princess Anne joined the AA and became the association`s millionth member.
1952 saw the merger of Austin and Morris to form the British Motor Corporation.
In 1953 the cheapest car available in the UK was the Ford Popular 2 door model at a cost of £275.
The first car to carry the Porsche name, the 356, was introduced in 1948.
AUTODEBUTS
The folowing cars were all launched in the 1950s, but which year exactly?
33. Aston Martin DB4
34. Triumph TR3
35. Bristol 404
36. Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire
37. Jaguar Mk VII
38. Sunbeam Talbot 90
39. MG Midget TD
40. Bentley S2
41. Hillman Husky
42. Lotus Elite
43. Renault Dauphine
44. Citroen DS19
45. Austin A50 Cambridge
46. Wolseley Four/44
47. Vauxhall Wyvern
48. Austin A40 Sports
49. Triumph Roadster
50. Lanchester 14
51. Standard Vanguard Phase III
52. MG A
THE AUSTIN A30 & A35
Austin`s first post-war model for the small car market did not appear until 1951 when the A30 was unveiled at the Earls Court Show. The A30 was an all new design featuring a fully stressed monocoque bodyshell and an 803 cc, 4 cylinder overhead valve engine. This new model was, at first, only available as a four door saloon and was competitively priced at £507 - the four door Morris Minor was around £60 dearer which was not an insignificant sum at the time. Eventually the A30 was available as a two door saloon, 'Countryman' (estate), and van. In late 1956 the A30 became the A35 with an increase in engine size to 948 cc. This larger engine increased top speed to over 70 mph with only a slight increase in fuel consumption. In A35 form a small number of pick-ups were also built. The A35 saloon ceased production in 1959, the Countryman survived until late 1962, but the van soldiered on until 1968.
AUTOQUESTION
53. Which famous Formula 1 World Champion regularly used an A35 van as daily transport?
AUTOFACTS
At Le Mans in 1955, Mercedes Benz team driver Pierre Levegh and 82 spectators were killed when Levegh`s Mercedes left the track after colliding with a Healey driven by Lance Macklin. As a result of this tragedy, all motor racing in France was temporarily banned.
The TVR company was named after it`s founder, TreVoR Wilkinson. The first TVR was built in 1954 and was powered by a 1200 cc Austin A40 engine.
The early Marcos cars, designed by Frank Costin, featured a combined body tub and chassis made from wood.
AUTOQUESTIONS
54. In 1955 Morris introduced a larger and more powerful version of their popular Oxford model. What was it called?
55. What type of engine did this new model have?
THE MERCEDES BENZ 300 SL `GULLWING`
The Mercedes Benz 300 SL was something of a sensation when it was introduced to an unsuspecting public in 1954. Naturally enough the great talking point was the upward opening, or `gullwing`, doors. The 300 SL was fitted with a 6 cylinder, 3 litre engine which developed 195 bhp and gave the car a top speed approaching 150 mph. Relatively few were built (less than 1500) before the model was replaced, in 1957, by the 300 SL Roadster which, to the disappointment of many, featured more conventional doors.
AUTOQUESTIONS
56. Which Italian `supercar` introduced in the 1970s also featured `gullwing` doors?
57. Which ill-fated company, set up in Northern Ireland in the late 1970s/early 1980s, built a car featuring `gullwing` doors?
AUTOFACTS
Racing driver Mike Hawthorn was killed in a road crash in January 1959.
In 1957 Ford launched the infamous Edsel in the USA. The advertisements read `Dramatic Edsel styling is here to stay - bringing new distinction to American motoring`. The Edsel was however, the biggest sales flop ever suffered by Ford and cost them a fortune.
The Facel Vega Excellence of 1957 featured front doors that were hinged at their leading edge, and back doors that were hinged at their trailing edge. As there was no central pillar, or B post, when the doors were opened together there was unhindered access to the interior. Unfortunately, without a central pillar the body was not very rigid and for this reason only a few examples were built.
The Nash Metropolitan, a compact car for the American market, was actually built in England by Austin. Many were used in America as police patrol cars.
The first parking meters in the UK were installed in London in 1958 although they had been used in America as early as 1935.
AUTOQUESTIONS
58. Which type of maserati did Juan manuel fangio drive to win his fifth World Championship
59. In which year was this?
AUTOFACT
The Dutch Daf cars, built between 1958 and when the company was taken over by Volvo in the mid 1970s, featured a unique `Variomatic` transmission operated by a series of belts and pulleys.
AUTOQUESTIONS
60. In April 1959 Triumph announced a new model which was to stay in production with little visible change until the early 1970s. What was this car called?
61. There was also a 6 cylinder version of this car. What name was it given?
62. These models were styled by an Italian designer who also worked on many other models for Triumph. Who was he?
63. The Bond company used these cars as a basis for one of their own models. What was it called?
AUTOFACTS
The Triumph company was founded by one Siegfried Bettman, a German immigrant who arrived in Britain in 1884. The Triumph company originally produced only bicycles and motorcycles and did not produce a car until 1923.
The Riley 1.5 and Wolseley 1500 models launched in the late 1950s were originally seen by BMC as a replacement for the Morris Minor. Production of the Riley and Wolseley lasted only until 1965 whereas the Minor survived until the early 1970s.
In the 1950s windscreen wipers were often operated by vacuum drawn from the vehicles' inlet manifold. Unfortunately, due to the way the system worked, the wipers would thrash away at the windscreen when the car was driven slowly, but when the car was driven at speed the wipers would slow down to a crawl. At least this had the effect of making drivers reduce their speed in the rain!
The last model to be built by the Lea Francis company, in 1960, was a sports car called the Lynx. The model was not a success - only three were built.
COLIN CHAPMAN
Colin Chapman was born in 1928 and entered the motor trade as a used car dealer in 1946. In 1947 he modified a 1930 Austin Seven and this car was christened `Lotus`. Chapman then spent five years in the RAF and it was not until 1952 that he officially formed Lotus Engineering, initially as a part time business. In the early years Lotus cars were built with racing and trials in mind and the first Lotus designed primarily for road use did not appear until 1957 in the form of the Elite. In the meantime Chapman had introduced such innovations as the space frame chassis and had achieved a reputation as a brilliant engineer. Lotus were also responsible for developing the `ground effect` underbody for Formula 1 racing cars, although these were subsequently banned by the authorities as the cars were able to corner at speeds that were not considered to be safe! Lotus have also worked closely with other manufacturers to produce such cars as the Ford-Lotus Cortina, The Sunbeam-Lotus and the Vauxhall-Lotus Carlton.
AUTOQUESTIONS
64. What type of engine was fitted to early Lotus Europas?
65. What was the usual colour scheme for the Ford-Lotus Cortina Mk I?
66. In 1967 a four seater version of the Lotus Elan was introduced. What was it called?
67. Whenever Lotus won a Grand Prix, Colin Chapman had a special way of celebrating as the car crossed the finishing line. What was it?
68. In the 1980s Lotus acted as design consultants for an ill-fated company that received considerable financial backing from the British Government. Can you name this company?
THE MINI
Introduced in 1959, the Mini was undoubtedly the car of the 1960s, but remained in production right up until 2000. In spite of this, it has reputedly never been a great money spinner for its makers, in fact, during the 1960s it is said that every Mini was sold at a loss ! However, the Mini has stood the test of time and over the years sales have been boosted with many special editions including the Sprite, Mayfair, Chelsea, Park Lane, Advantage, Red Hot, Jet Black, Designer, Mini 25, Mini 30, Mini 35 and Mini 40.
AUTOQUESTIONS
69. When did the Mini Cooper first appear?
70. What was the Riley badged version of the Mini called ?
71. What was the name given to the Wolseley version of the Mini ?
72. Minis are fitted with the legendary A series engine, but in which car was this engine first used?
73. In October 1969 a new version of the Mini saloon and estate was launched. These new models had a re-designed fron end and a different fascia arrangement. What were they called?
In the mid sixties the coachbuilding firm of Stewart and Arden produced a number of special Minis with lower rooflines and de- seamed bodywork. What were they known as?
75. Who designed the Mini?
76. What was the original price of the Mini?
77. Can you name the film starring Michael Caine, the highlight of which was a dramatic chase involving 3 Mini Coopers?
WHAT AM I?
78. I was first made in 1960. I started life with a 997 cc power unit but later received an 1197 cc engine. I was available as either a saloon or estate, and also as a light van. In saloon form I had an unusual rear windscreen design.
79. I can be easily recognised by my distinctive teardrop shape. I had great success in rallying. Initially I had a flat 4 cylinder engine but later graduated to a V4 engine built by Ford of Germany. I have a reputation for durability and longevity. My manufacturers also produce aircraft.
80. I was built in relatively small numbers between 1964 and 1968. I am a large luxury saloon. Although I was built by BMC, I was fitted with a Rolls Royce engine.
AUTOFACTS
1960 saw the introduction of the MOT test but initially only brakes, steering and lights were examined.
The Amphicar, an amphibious vehicle launched in 1961, was powered by an 1147 cc Triumph Herald engine. This provided a sea speed of 6.5 knots !
WHO AM I?
81. I built my first car in the early 1960s. Until then my company produced, among other things, tractors and air conditioning equipment. My cars rival those of my fellow countryman, Enzo Ferrari. My trademark is a charging bull.
AUTODEBUTS
The following cars were all launched in the 1960s, but which year exactly?
82. Austin Maxi
83. Hillman Hunter
84. Ford Zephyr Mk IV
85. Ford Classic
86. MG 1100
87. Rover 2000
88. Ford Corsair
89. Vauxhall Viva HA
90. Humber Sceptre Mk I
91. Lamborghini Espada
92. Mini Marcos
93. Mini Moke
94. Peugeot 504
95. Saab 99
96. Triumph GT6
97. Triumph 1300
98. Jensen Interceptor
99. Fiat 850
100. AC 427
101. Morris 1800
AUTOQUESTIONS
102. In 1961 Vauxhall introduced a sports version of their FB Victor. What was this car called?
103. The later version of this car was based on the FC Victor. In what year was this model introduced?
THE JAGUAR E TYPE
When the Jaguar E Type was launched at the Geneva Motor Show back in 1961 it caused a sensation. Not only did it look sensational, it had performance to match; 0-60 mph in about 7 seconds and a top speed of 150 mph. Initially fitted with a 6 cylinder 3.8 litre XK engine, the E Type was available either as a two seater Fixed Head Coupe' or two seater Roadster. In October 1964 the engine capacity was increased to 4.2 litres and then approximately 18 months later a 2+2 version of the Fixed Head Coupe' appeared. The Series II models arrived in October 1968, the most noticeable changes being a revised headlamp arrangement and larger front grille aperture. The Series III models followed in March 1971 and were fitted with the magnificent Jaguar 5.3 litre V12 engine. The Series III Roadster also adopted the longer wheelbase of the 2+2 Fixed Head Coupe' and the standard wheelbase Fixed Head Coupe' was dropped. In September 1973 the 2+2 Fixed Head Coupe' also disappeared leaving just the Roadster which remained in production until early 1975.
AUTOQUESTIONS
104. Which Jaguar model did the E Type replace?
105. To which country was more than two thirds of E Type production exported?
THE FORD CORTINA
The name Cortina was synonymous with good value, practical, reliable family transport for over twenty years. The range began with the Mk I in 1962 and ended with the Mk V in 1982.
AUTOQUESTIONS
106. When the Mk I Cortina first appeared only one engine size was available. What was it?
107. From January 1963 a larger engine was also available. What size was this?
108. What was the unusual feature available on Mk I Cortina Super Estates?
109. In which year did the Mk I Cortina give way to the Mk II model?
110. In 1967 a high specification Mk II became available . This model featured a walnut dashboard and door cappings, rostyle wheels and full instrumentation. What was it called?
111. In which year did the Mk II Cortina range give way to the Mk III model?
112. What nickname was given to the styling of the Mk III Cortina and other cars of similar style?
113. In which year did the Mk IV appear?
114. The Mk V model was little more than a `facelifted` Mk IV, but in which year did it appear?
115. Ford also produced a pick-up truck based on the Mk V. What was it known as?
THE MGB
The famous MGB made its public debut in September 1962. During an 18 year production life over 380,000 Roadsters and 125,000 GTs were built at the MG plant in Abingdon.
AUTOQUESTIONS
116. What were the two basic engine types used in the MGB GT?
117. What do the initials MG stand for?
118. Name the European motor manufacturer upset by the MGB`s styling.
119. Why was this?
120. In which year was the MGB first fitted with the large rubber energy absorbing bumpers in order to comply with American legislation?
121. Who purchased the last MGB to be exported to the USA?
122. MG also produced a 6 cylinder car with the MGB GT type bodyshell. What was it called?
123. In 1993 a new MG, with styling reminiscent of the B was put into limited production. What was it called?
AUTOFACT
When Porsche launched the 911 in 1964 the original intention was to call the car the 901. However, Peugeot had already copyrighted all three digit combinations with a 0 in the middle for use on their own cars.
AUTOQUESTIONS
124. Who won the Formula 1 World Championship for the second time in 1965?
125. For which team was he driving?
126. Who was the first driver to win the Formula 1 Championship in a mid engined car?
127. What was the car?
AUTOFACT
In 1963 NSU built the world`s first production car to be powered by a Wankel rotary engine.
AUTOQUESTIONS
128. In 1963 Jaguar launched a new model with styling similar to that of their Mk II model but with a slightly longer, restyled rear. This car was also fitted with independent rear suspension. What was it?
129. A further development of this model was introduced in 1966. By what name was it known?
AUTOFACT
In 1963 Rootes announced the introduction of the Italian built Sunbeam Venezia. The car was based on their Humber Sceptre floorpan and running gear but was not officially available in the UK.
THE HILLMAN IMP
The Hillman Imp, introduced in 1963, was the Rootes Group`s answer to the Mini but never caught on in quite the same way. The Imp range did however provide economical motoring for many people, remaining in production until 1976.
AUTOQUESTIONS
130. What was the code name given by Rootes to the Imp project?
131. What type of engine did the Imp have?
132. What unusual feature did Imp saloons have to assist with loading luggage into the rear of the car?
133. What name was given to the Singer version of the Imp?
134. What name was given to the Imp Estate?
135. There was also a version of the Hillman Imp with fastback styling. What was it called?
136. The fastback also appeared with a Sunbeam badge. What model name was this car given?
137. In late 1975 a special edition Imp was launched in an attempt to revive flagging sales. Features of this car included cloth trim and a radio as standard. What was the name of this model?
138. Where were Imps built?
AUTOFACT
In 1965 12 months road fund licence cost £17 10 shillings (£17.50).
THE SUNBEAM TIGER
Built between 1964 and 1967, the Tiger was a V8 engined version of Sunbeam`s Alpine two seater sports car. The Tiger used a Ford V8 engine which was shoe-horned into the Alpine`s engine bay. Tigers were assembled at the Jensen factory in West Bromwich rather than at Sunbeam`s own plant. The car was killed off in 1967 when General Motors purchased a large stake in the Rootes Group - they were, not surprisingly, a little embarrassed at Sunbeam producing a high performance car powered by an engine built by their greatest rival.
AUTOQUESTIONS
139. The name Tiger had been used before by Sunbeam on a car that, in 1926, broke the world land speed record by acheiving a speed of 152.33 mph. Who was the famous driver?
140. In the 1970s the name Tiger was revived again on a performance version of a car built under the Hillman name. What was it?
AUTOFACTS
In the 1960s the Rootes Group experimented with V8 versions of some of their other models such as the Humber Super Snipe, Hawk and Sceptre but only prototypes were built.
The last car to bear the Riley name was the 1960s Kestrel. This car was the Riley version of the Austin/Morris 1100 range. Wolseley, MG, and Vanden Plas versions were also available.
THE BMW 1602/2002
The ailing fortunes of BMW were turned around by the introduction of the 1602 in 1966 and the 2002 in 1967. The company sold around 800,000 examples before the range was replaced by the even more successful 3 Series in 1975. During it`s production run there were various models available ranging from the basic 1602 up to the 2002 Turbo - the first production car to be so equipped.
AUTOQUESTIONS
141. What do the initials BMW stand for?
142. The BMW company was formed in 1916 but the first BMW car did not appear until 1928. Called the Dixie, on which British car was this model based?
143. In 1955 BMW commenced production of a `Bubble Car` which they built under licence from Isetta. There was one other main competitor in the Bubble Car market. What was it?
AUTOFACTS
In the 1960s Aston Martin built two 1/3 scale working models of their DB5 model in James Bond style trim. One went to Prince Andrew, the other to Prince Reza of Iran.
The 1960s Gordon Keeble, built in Southampton, featured a glass fibre body mounted on a steel chassis and was fitted with a Chrysler V8 engine. Unfortunately, production did not quite reach treble figures - only 99 were finished.
In the late 1960s the first MGB V8s appeared. However, they were not built by MG but converted to special order by garage owner Ken Costello.
AUTOMARATHONS
Unfortunately for rally enthusiasts, marathon rallies are few and far between but the two most memorable events are probably the 1968 London to Sydney Marathon and the 1970 World Cup Rally from London to Mexico City.
AUTOQUESTIONS
144. Who was the winning driver in the 1968 London to Sydney Marathon?
145. What car was he driving?
146. Who won the 1970 World Cup Rally?
147. For which Works team was he driving?
AUTOFACTS
After over 10,000 miles of hard driving, 57 out of the 100 cars that started the rally reached Sydney in the 1968 Marathon. Out of the 96 cars to start the 1970 World Cup Rally some of the more unusual vehicles to be entered for such an event included a Rolls Royce Silver Cloud, a Rolls Royce Silver Shadow, A Ford Mustang, a Ford Escort Elba Motor Caravan, a Beach Buggy, and a Wagoneer Jeep. Apart from famous rally drivers, other well known personalities to compete in the 1970 World Cup Rally included Jimmy Greaves the footballer and Prince Michael of Kent. Only 23 out of the 96 cars to start the World Cup Rally reached Mexico City, having travelled through no less than 25 countries on the way.
THE JAGUAR XJ6
The XJ6 was the car that Jaguar could not build fast enough! When the model was launched in 1968 demand outstripped supply and the waiting list grew longer and longer. Initially the XJ6 was available with either a 2.8 litre or a 4.2 litre engine and the model was acclaimed for its handling, roadholding and comfort at what was a relatively low price. The only real criticism levied at the XJ6 was the lack of rear legroom and to remedy this problem a long wheelbase version was introduced in 1972, soon after which the shorter model was discontinued. In 1969 a Daimler version was added to the range featuring a more lavishly trimmed interior and a traditionally fluted Daimler radiator grille. In July of 1972 the XJ12 appeared fitted with a superb V12 engine of 5.3 litres. The updated Series II cars appeared in 1973 and an addition to the range was a new 2 door coupe` called the XJC. In 1975 a 3.4 litre model became available to supplement the 4.2 litre model in the 6 cylinder range - the 2.8 litre engine having been dropped two years earlier. Series III models were unveiled in 1979 and featured a subtly redesigned roofline to provide more headroom in the rear and a larger glass area to improve visibility. The XJ6 was eventually replaced by the new XJ40 models in late 1986. The older style XJ12 however, continued in production until the early 1990s.
AUTOQUESTIONS
148. By what name was the Daimler version of the XJ12 known?
149. The Daimler versions of the 6 cylinder cars also had a name. What was it?
AUTOFACT
The superb roadholding and handling and the minimal road noise of the XJ6 was due, in part, to the special tyres designed for the car by Dunlop.
THE FORD CAPRI
The Ford Capri was first made available to the British public in February 1969. Within 5 years total sales had broken through the magic 1,000,000 barrier. In early 1974 the Mk II version was launched featuring smoother body styling and a useful rear tailgate in place of the somewhat small boot lid of the Mk I. The Mk III followed in March 1978, but by this time sales were way below the creditable level acheived in the early 1970s. The final Capri rolled off of the production line on 19th December 1986 to bring the total number produced to 1,886,647.
AUTOQUESTIONS
150. Which American Ford was the inspiration for the Capri?
151. In which two European Ford plants were Capris built?
152. Can you name the firm of coachbuilders responsible for the rare convertible version of the Capri?
153. What name was given to these Convertibles?
154. What was the title given to the last 1038 Capris built, all of which were finished in Brooklands Green and leather trim?
AUTOFACT
The Capri name was first used by Ford back in 1961 on a sports coupe` with styling similar to that of the Ford Classic. For some reason this early Capri was not as succesful as its latter day namesake and production was stopped in 1964 with less than 18,000 having been built.
AUTODEBUTS
The following cars were all launched in the 1970s, but which year exactly?
155. Vauxhall Victor FE
156. Range Rover
157. Reliant Robin
158. Morris Marina
159. Jensen Interceptor Convertible
160. Jensen Healey
161. Hillman Avenger
162. Vauxhall Chevette
163. Aston Martin Lagonda
164. Bristol 412
165. Chrysler Alpine
166. Citroen GS
167. Ford Escort Mk II
168. Ford Fiesta
169. Austin Allegro
170. Triumph TR7
171. Datsun 240Z
172. Renault 5
173. Vauxhall Carlton
174. Ford Granada Ghia Coupe`
THE ALFA ROMEO ALFASUD
Manufactured in a purpose built factory just outside Naples, the Alfasud was produced with the help of the Italian Government eager to bring work to an area of high unemployment. The Alfasud used a front mounted, flat 4 type engine driving the front wheels. Disc brakes were standard all round and suspension was by Macpherson struts at the front and a coil sprung beam axle at the rear. Handling and roadholding were exceptionally good, but unfortunately the Alfasud was marred by a poor finish and a tendency to rust.
AUTOQUESTIONS
175. How did the Alfasud get its name?
176. A sports coupe` version of the Alfasud was produced with a much sleeker body. What was it called?
177. Which of the following was not an Alfa Romeo model? A) Beta, B) Alfetta, C) Montreal, D) Giulietta, E) Giulia
AUTOFACTS
The Hillman Avenger was the first British car to feature a plastic radiator grille.
When the Austin Allegro appeared in 1973 an unusual feature of the car was its squared off steering wheel. Officially known as the `Quartic`, the idea was soon dropped in favour of a steering wheel of more conventional shape.
During the 1970s rust problems on Lancia`s Beta model were so serious that the company bought back many of the cars.....and scrapped them!
AUTOQUESTIONS
178. In the 1970s what were up-market versions of the Vauxhall HC Viva known as?
179. There was also a coupe` version of the HC Viva. What name was it given?
180. Which of the following model designations was not used on the HC Viva range? A) E, B) L, C) SL, D) GLS, E) GT
THE TRIUMPH DOLOMITE SPRINT
Triumph launched the Dolomite Sprint, based on the four door Dolomite bodyshell designed by Michelotti, in June 1973. Power came from a 2 litre, 16 valve, single overhead camshaft engine that endowed the Sprint with a top speed of 115 mph, and a 0-60 mph time of 8.7 seconds. In all, around 23,000 Sprints were built before production ceased in 1980.
181. The 16 valve Sprint engine was based on an 8 valve unit that Triumph had developed for which European manufacturer?
182. In what colour were all early Sprints finished?
183. Triumph also toyed with the idea of putting the 16 valve Sprint unit into one of their other cars but dropped the idea in favour of a V8. Which car was this?
184. The Dolomite style bodyshell had been around for some years before the Sprint was introduced. On which model was it first used?
185. In what year was this style of bodyshell first used?
AUTOFACTS
The highly succesful Williams Formula 1 Racing Team enjoyed their first Grand Prix victory when `Clay` Regazzoni won the British event in 1979.
The Renault 30TS of 1975 was the first Renault to be powered by an engine of more than 2 litres, being fitted with a 2.7 litre V6 unit.
In the late 1970s Volvos were available with sidelights that were permanently on. This was a safety feature that had proved popular in Sweden. Although it never caught on in the UK, at the time owners of older Volvos were often to be seen driving around with their sidelights on in an attempt to make their car look newer than it actually was!
THE VAUXHALL CAVALIER
The Cavalier was originally Vauxhall`s answer to the Ford Cortina but the later models competed with the Sierra and, until the Vectra arrived on the scene, the Mondeo. The first Cavalier appeared in 1975 and was available as either a 2 or 4 door saloon, or a 2 door coupe`. A `Sportshatch` followed which attempted to provide the benefits of an estate car with the style and appeal of a fastback. With the introduction of the Mk II models there was a choice of saloon, hatchback or estate - the estate this time being of more conventional design than the old Sportshatch. In 1988 the range was completely revised but, curiously, once more there was no estate car in the line up.
AUTOQUESTIONS
186. Which mythological creature appears on the Vauxhall badge?
187. Which German manufacturer, also owned by General Motors, builds similar cars to Vauxhall?
THE VOLKSWAGEN GOLF GTI
When Volkswagen decided to fit a 1600 cc fuel injected engine borrowed from the Audi 80 GT into their Golf bodyshell they probably did not realise just what a trendsetter the car would be. The Golf GTI was the original `hot hatch`, and an idea that other manufacturers would copy. During the 1980s the Golf GTI became a status symbol for the young and well off and was regarded as the `yuppie` car. By the early 1990s however, much of the appeal of the `hot hatch` had been eroded by ever increasing insurance premiums against a background of harder economic times.
AUTOQUESTIONS
188. On which model was Peugeot`s main rival to the Golf GTI based?
189. Ford produced `hot hatch` versions of both their Escort and Fiesta models. What were they called?
190. In which year did the Golf GTI first appear?
THE ROVER SD1
Launched in June 1976 to much acclaim the Rover SD1 was initially only available with a 3.5 litre V8 engine. In 1977, 2300 cc and 2600 cc versions appeared, followed by a 2000 cc model in 1982. From 1980 Vanden Plas versions were available offering a much higher level of trim and equipment. Before production ceased in 1986 close on 300,000 examples had been built.
AUTOFACT
Rover built a prototype SD1 Estate but the model never reached production.
AUTOQUESTIONS
191. What was the name given to the high performance SD1 of which about 4000 were built?
192. From 1982 the SD1 was also available with a diesel engine. What was the origin of this engine?
193. Which Rover was the replacement for the SD1?
194. Which Italian sports car was the frontal styling of the SD1 said to resemble?
195. In which of British Leyland`s plants was the SD1 produced?
THE AUSTIN METRO
Originally conceived as a successor to the Mini, the Metro was launched in 1980 and found its own market alongside the Mini. Fitted with an updated A series engine (known as the A+) and hydrogas suspension the Metro was, in many respects, a tried and tested formula in a new package. The Mk II appeared in 1985 followed by the much improved Mk III in 1990, this time equipped with the much smoother K series engine and the long overdue 5 speed gearbox.
AUTOQUESTIONS
196. What two engine sizes were available in the Mk I and Mk II Metro?
197. The Metro was also available with a higher level of interior trim than standard in a model that shared its name with a similarly trimmed Mini. What was it?
198. In 1985 when the Mk II Metro appeared, what was the major new option available?
AUTODEBUTS
The following cars were all launched in the 1980s, but which year exactly?
199. Fiat Tipo
200. Austin Montego
201. Skoda Favorit
202. Vauxhall Nova
203. Renault 21
204. Peugeot 309
205. Mercedes Benz 190
206. Lada Samara
207. Ford Orion
208. Citroen AX
209. Fiat Panda
210. Reliant Scimitar SS1
211. Lancia Y10
212. Seat Ibiza
213. Honda CRX
214. Peugeot 405
215. Rover 213
216. Isuzu Trooper
217. Volvo 480
218. Nissan 200 SX
THE FORD SIERRA
When Ford first introduced the Sierra in late 1982 it was not the instant success that they might have hoped for. The Sierra was the first of the so called `jelly mould` shaped cars and as such was just a little extrovert for the average car buyer. However Ford were to be proved right and it was not long before the car became a favourite with both the private motorist and the fleet buyer.
AUTOQUESTIONS
219. Which long running model did Ford stop making to make way for the Sierra?
220. Which of the following engine options was never available on the Sierra range? A) 2.9 V6, B) 1.6 OHC, C) 1.6 OHV, D) 1.8 OHC
221. In what year was the Sierra improved with subtle restyling and the addition of a new model with a boot rather than a hatchback?
222. When did production of the Sierra come to an end?
223. What was the Sierra`s replacement called?
AUTOFACTS
The Audi 100 of the 1980s was the first production car to have a drag co-efficient, or CD figure, as low as .30.
At around the time of the Falklands War Fiat launched a new model called the Argenta. The model did not sell well in the UK!
THE CITROEN BX
The BX was the model that gave Citroen the share of the UK market that it had deserved for many years. Introduced in 1983 as a replacement for the GS model, the BX was soon to become a popular choice for both the private and fleet buyer - especially in diesel form. All BXs were fitted with Citroen`s self levelling hydraulic suspension which allows the ride height of the car to be adjusted to suit the road conditions and also provides an exceptionally smooth ride.
AUTOQUESTIONS
224. On which model did Citroen`s hydraulic suspension first appear?
225. Which other French manufacturer shared the engines used in the BX range?
226. What was the advertising slogan used by Citroen for the BX?
227. Which of the following was not a BX model? A) 14E, B) 14RE, C) 16TRS, D) 18TZ, E) 19DTR.
AUTOFACTS
The 1989 Mercedes Benz 500SL sports car featured a steel roll over bar that automatically extended to protect the occupants in the event of the vehicle rolling.
To celebrate their success at Le Mans in 1988 Jaguar produced 65 limited editions of their XJS Coupe`.
THE TOYOTA MR2
Toyota`s 2 seater mid engined sports car, the MR2, was aimed at the market that had been successfully dominated by the Fiat X19. When the MR2 was introduced in 1985, the X19 had already been in production for around 8 years, and although Fiat had continually improved their model it was no match for its new Japanese competitor. Originally powered by a 1600 cc 16 valve engine with fuel injection, the MR2 had a top speed of around 120 mph and could travel from 0-60 mph in about 8 seconds. Standard features included pop-up headlamps. 1990 saw the introduction of the new generation MR2 with much smoother styling and a 2 litre engine. Further improvements to the model were made in 1994.
AUTOQUESTIONS
228. What does MR2 actually stand for?
229. With the demise of Fiat`s X19, the MR2`s main rival also hailed from Japan. Can you name the make and model?
THE ROVER 200 COUPE`
The coupe` version of Rover`s 200 model first appeared at the 1992 Motor Show and had the honour of being the fastest production Rover ever built.
AUTOQUESTION
230. Which German car company once owned Rover but then sold it to a consortium called the Phoenix Group for just £1?
THE FERRARI F40
Launched in 1988 with a price tag of £168,000, the F40 was little short of a road going racing car! Powered by an immensely powerful V8 engine with twin turbochargers the F40 will accelerate from 0-60 mph in a staggering 3.9 seconds. The engine produces an awesome 478 bhp and top speed is in excess of 200 mph. With such shattering performance and stunning looks the F40 is, without doubt, one of the world`s true `supercars`.
AUTOFACT
Although the official price in 1988 for an F40 was £168,000, some examples are said to have changed hands for anything up to £500,000.
AUTOQUESTIONS
231. Where in Italy is the Ferrari factory?
232. What is the famous symbol used by Ferrari?
233. For which company did Enzo Ferrari drive and subsequently run the racing team of, before forming his own company?
AUTOFACTS
The famous Ferrari Dinos were named after Enzo Ferrari`s son, Dino, who died in 1956 at the age of just 24.
The first cars built by Enzo Ferrari were the two 185s which competed in the Mille Miglia in 1940.
AUTOQUESTIONS
234. In 1993 Renault introduced a high performance version of one of their models to celebrate their success in sponsoring the Williams Formula 1 racing team. On which of their models was this car based?
235. A limited edition, but how many were built in right hand drive form?
236. What was the model`s full title?
237. In what colour were all these cars finished?
THE VOLVO 850
With a traditional Volvo appearance the 850 models were, in fact, quite innovative for the Swedish company. The 850 is powered by a 5 cylinder engine with drive going, for the first time in a big Volvo, to the front wheels.
AUTOQUESTION
238. Which German company helped to design the 850`s 5 cylinder engine?
AUTOFACTS
Regarded by many as the best car in the world, Rolls Royce sold only 1360 cars in 1993 - of course, even the cheapest model having a price tag of around £100,000 may have had something to do with this!
With sales of only 600 cars in Britain in 1993, Lancia withdrew from the UK.
THE FORD PROBE
Hailed as the new Ford Capri, the Probe appeared in 1994. Fitted with either a 2.5 litre 24 valve V6 engine or a 2 litre 16 valve 4 cylinder engine, the Probe was mechanically identical to Mazda`s MX6 model - both cars being the result of a joint exercise between the two manuacturers.
AUTOQUESTIONS
239. In 1993 Ford unveiled a 4 wheel drive off road vehicle which was also developed in partnership with a Japanese manufacturer. Name the Ford vehicle.
240. Name the Japanese manufacturer?
241. What was the Japanese manufacturer`s advertising slogan at the time?
242. Name the Japanese version of the 4 wheel drive vehicle.
AUTOFACT
The Ford Probe in V6 form has a top speed of around 133 mph and a 0-60 mph time of 7.5 seconds which made it slightly slower than some of it`s rivals, such as the Volkswagen Corrado and Vauxhall Calibra.
AUTOFACT
The Lotus Seven of the 1950s is still produced today, in much updated form, by various low volume manafacturers and kit car companies.
THE RENAULT SAFRANE
Launched in the UK in 1993, Renault`s Safrane was their new flagship model. The top of the range model, the RXE, even features computer controlled `active` suspension developed from the Williams-Renault Grand Prix cars.
AUTOQUESTIONS
243. Which of Renault`s models did the Safrane replace?
244. What was the advertising slogan used by Renault during the late 1980s and early 1990s?
245. Renault have from time to time used the name of a famous French tuner on some of their models following their association with him in earlier years. Who was he?
WHAT AM I ?
246. I am the baby of the family. I can have 1.0, 1.1 or 1.4 litre petrol engines or a 1.8 litre diesel engine. I am French. My manufacturer`s largest model at this time is known as the 605.
247. I come from the USA. I have a 10 cylinder engine. I am named after a snake. You can buy me for about £55,000.
248. I am built by a famous Formula 1 racing team. I have a top speed of about 230 mph. I cost over £600,000 ! I sound as though I might come from Scotland!
AUTOQUESTIONS
249. Vauxhall`s replacement for the Carlton went on sale in 1994. What was it called?
250. Various engine options were available on this new model including a 2.5 litre turbodiesel. From which European manufacturer did this engine originate?
AUTOFACTS
In 1995, if you had the odd £180,000 to spare you could treat yourself to a new Bentley Continental R. Alternatively, you could buy 40 Seat Marbellas.
In 1994 Kia produced a limited edition of their Pride model specifically for the UK market. Called the Melody, all 200 were finished in a shocking pink!
During 1993 the Japanese owned Nissan company exported more vehicles from the UK than any other manufacturer.
When the letter `L` appeared as a suffix on registration plates in 1972, the best selling car was the Ford Escort. In 1993 when the letter `L` appeared as a prefix on registration plates the best selling car in the UK was .......the Ford Escort !
Approximately 4,000 people a year are killed in road accidents in the UK.
AUTOANSWERS - HOW DID YOU DO?
1) 1896, 2) 1908, 3) 15,000,000, 4) Wolseley, 5) Fiat, 6) 1913, 7) Cadillac, 8) Sunbeam/Talbot/Darracq, 9) Frederick Henry Royce, 10) Jaguar, 11) William Lyons & William Walmsley, 12) 1927, 13) Naples, 14) 1934, 15) 4/4 16) Consul and Zephyr, 17) OHV Engine/Monocoque bodywork. 18) Zodiac, 19) 100E Anglia and Prefect, 20) OHV Engine, 21) Convertible/van/pick-up, 22) Morris Minor Million, 23) Lilac paintwork/ White leather interior, 24) @1,619,000, 25) Karmann, 26) 1978, 27) 6 volt system changed to 12 volt system, 28) Dr Ferdinand Porsche, 29) Riley 2.5 litre 4 cylinder, 30) Sportsmobile, 31) 100, 32) Frogeye, 33) 1958, 34) 1955, 35) 1953, 36) 1952, 37) 1951, 38) 1951, 39) 1951, 40) 1959, 41) 1958, 42) 1957, 43) 1956, 44) 1955, 45) 1955, 46) 1952, 47) 1951, 48) 1950, 49) 1950, 50) 1950, 51) 1955, 52) 1955, 53) James Hunt, 54) Isis, 55) 2996 cc 6 cylinder, 56) Lamborghini Countach, 57) De Lorean, 58) 250F, 59) 1957, 60) Herald, 61) Vitesse, 62) Michelotti, 63) Equipe, 64) Renault 1470 cc, 65) White with green side flashes, 66) Elan + 2, 67) He would throw his cap into the air, 68) De Lorean Motor Company, 69) 1961, 70) Elf, 71) Hornet, 72) A30, 73) Clubman, 74) Mini Sprint, 75) (Sir) Alec Issigonis, 76) £496, 77) The Italian Job, 78) Ford Anglia 105E, 79) Saab 96, 80) Vanden Plas Princess 4 litre R, 81) Ferruccio Lamborghini, 82) 1969, 83) 1966, 84) 1966, 85) 1961, 86) 1962, 87) 1964, 88) 1964, 89) 1966, 90) 1963, 91) 1969, 92) 1965, 93) 1964, 94) 1969, 95) 1968, 96) 1966, 97) 1965, 98) 1967, 99) 1964, 100) 1966, 101) 1966, 102) VX4/90, 103) 1964, 104) XK150, 105) USA, 106) 1198 cc, 107) 1498 cc, 108) Wood trim on body sides, 109) 1967, 110) 1600E, 111) 1970, 112) Coke bottle, 113) 1976, 114) 1980, 115) P100, 116) 1800 cc B series/3500 cc V8, 117) Morris Garages, 118) Renault, 119) Styling similarities between MGB and Renault Caravelle, 120) 1974, 121) Henry Ford II, 122) MGC, 123) MG RV8, 124) Jim Clark, 125) Lotus, 126) Jack Brabham, 127) Cooper, 128) S Type, 129) 420, 130) Apex, 131) Coventry Climax based 4 cylinder all alloy unit, 132) Opening rear windscreen, 133) Chamois, 134) Husky, 135) Californian, 136) Stiletto, 137) Caledonian, 138) Linwood (Glasgow), 139) H.O.D. Seagrave, 140) Avenger Tiger, 141) Bayerische Motoren Werken (Bavarian Motor Works), 142) Austin 7, 143) Heinkel, 144) Andrew Cowan, 145) Hillman Hunter, 146) Hannu Mikkola, 147) Ford, 148) Double Six, 149) Sovereign, 150) Mustang, 151) Halewood & Cologne, 152) Crayford, 153) Caprice, 154) 280, 155) 1972, 156) 1970, 157) 1973, 158) 1971, 159) 1974, 160) 1972, 161) 1970, 162) 1975, 163) 1976, 164) 1976, 165) 1975, 166) 1970, 167) 1975, 168) 1976, 169) 1973, 170) 1975, 171) 1970, 172) 1972, 173) 1979, 174) 1974, 175) Sud means south - the Alfasud was built in Southern Italy, 176) Sprint, 177) Beta, 178) Magnum, 179) Fi